notion of forcing
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Forcing (recursion theory) — Forcing in recursion theory is a modification of Paul Cohen s original set theoretic technique of forcing to deal with the effective concerns in recursion theory. Conceptually the two techniques are quite similar, in both one attempts to build… … Wikipedia
Forcing (mathematics) — For the use of forcing in recursion theory, see Forcing (recursion theory). In the mathematical discipline of set theory, forcing is a technique invented by Paul Cohen for proving consistency and independence results. It was first used, in 1963,… … Wikipedia
Forcing — En mathématiques, et plus précisément en logique mathématique, le forcing est une technique inventée par Paul Cohen pour prouver des résultats de cohérence et d indépendance en théorie des ensembles. Elle a été utilisée pour la première fois en… … Wikipédia en Français
List of forcing notions — In mathematics, forcing is a method of constructing new models M[G] of set theory by adding a generic subset G of a poset P to a model M. The poset P used will determine what statements hold in the new universe (the extension ); to force a… … Wikipedia
Martin's maximum — In set theory, Martin s maximum, introduced by Foreman, Magidor Shelah (1988), is a generalization of the proper forcing axiom, which is in turn a generalization of Martin s axiom. Martin s maximum (MM) states that if D is a collection of dense… … Wikipedia
Universally Baire set — In the mathematical field of descriptive set theory, a set of reals (or subset of the Baire space or Cantor space) is called universally Baire if it has a certain strong regularity property. Universally Baire sets play an important role in Ω… … Wikipedia
international relations — a branch of political science dealing with the relations between nations. [1970 75] * * * Study of the relations of states with each other and with international organizations and certain subnational entities (e.g., bureaucracies and political… … Universalium
United States — a republic in the N Western Hemisphere comprising 48 conterminous states, the District of Columbia, and Alaska in North America, and Hawaii in the N Pacific. 267,954,767; conterminous United States, 3,022,387 sq. mi. (7,827,982 sq. km); with… … Universalium
ENSEMBLES (THÉORIE DES) - Théorie axiomatique — La théorie des ensembles fut créée par Georg Cantor à la fin du XIXe siècle. Cependant, le caractère extrêmement général et abstrait de la notion d’ensemble permit de produire des paradoxes rendant la théorie contradictoire (cf. théorie… … Encyclopédie Universelle
United Kingdom — a kingdom in NW Europe, consisting of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: formerly comprising Great Britain and Ireland 1801 1922. 58,610,182; 94,242 sq. mi. (244,100 sq. km). Cap.: London. Abbr.: U.K. Official name, United Kingdom of Great… … Universalium
Majeure Cinquième — Au bridge, la Majeure cinquième est le système d enchères le plus répandu dans le monde francophone[réf. nécessaire]. Le principe d ouverture consiste à privilégier une couleur majeure (♠ ou ♥) dès qu elle compte au moins cinq cartes. (Voir… … Wikipédia en Français
