noncontractible representation

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Closed timelike curve — In mathematical physics, a closed timelike curve (CTC) is a worldline in a Lorentzian manifold, of a material particle in spacetime that is closed, returning to its starting point. This possibility was first raised by Kurt Gödel in 1949, who… … Wikipedia
Chern-Simons theory — The Chern Simons theory is a 3 dimensional topological quantum field theory of Schwarz type, developed by Shiing Shen Chern and James Harris Simons. In condensed matter physics, Chern Simons theory describes the topological orderin fractional… … Wikipedia
Chern–Simons theory — The Chern–Simons theory is a 3 dimensional topological quantum field theory of Schwarz type, introduced by Edward Witten. It is so named because its action is proportional to the integral of the Chern–Simons 3 form. In condensed matter physics,… … Wikipedia

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