logical closure
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Closure operator — In mathematics, a closure operator on a set S is a function cl: P(S) → P(S) from the power set of S to itself which satisfies the following conditions for all sets X,Y ⊆ S. X ⊆ cl(X) (cl is extensive) X ⊆ Y implies cl(X) ⊆ cl(Y) (cl… … Wikipedia
Deductive closure — For other uses, see Closure (disambiguation). Peter D. Klein, in the second edition of The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, defines closure as follows: A set of objects, O, is said to exhibit closure or to be closed under a given operation, R … Wikipedia
Transitive closure — In mathematics, the transitive closure of a binary relation R on a set X is the smallest transitive relation on X that contains R .For example, if X is a set of airports and xRy means there is a direct flight from airport x to airport y , then… … Wikipedia
Design closure — is the process by which a VLSI design is modified from its initial description to meet a growing list of design constraints and objectives. Every step in the IC design (such as static timing analysis, placement, routing, and so on) is already… … Wikipedia
Georg Kreisel — (* 15. September 1923 in Graz) ist ein englisch US amerikanischer Logiker und Mathematiker. Er wurde in Österreich geboren und aufgrund seines jüdischen Hintergrundes vor dem Einmarsch der Nationalsozialisten in Österreich 1938 von seinen Eltern… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Method of analytic tableaux — A graphical representation of a partially built propositional tableau In proof theory, the semantic tableau (or truth tree) is a decision procedure for sentential and related logics, and a proof procedure for formulas of first order logic. The… … Wikipedia
Propositional calculus — In mathematical logic, a propositional calculus or logic (also called sentential calculus or sentential logic) is a formal system in which formulas of a formal language may be interpreted as representing propositions. A system of inference rules… … Wikipedia
Modal logic — is a type of formal logic that extends classical propositional and predicate logic to include operators expressing modality. Modals words that express modalities qualify a statement. For example, the statement John is happy might be qualified by… … Wikipedia
Relational model — The relational model for database management is a database model based on first order predicate logic, first formulated and proposed in 1969 by Edgar Codd. [ Derivability, Redundancy, and Consistency of Relations Stored in Large Data Banks , E.F … Wikipedia
Second-order logic — In logic and mathematics second order logic is an extension of first order logic, which itself is an extension of propositional logic.[1] Second order logic is in turn extended by higher order logic and type theory. First order logic uses only… … Wikipedia
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma — enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of secret Morse coded radio communications of the Axis powers that had been enciphered using Enigma machines. This yielded military intelligence which, along with that from… … Wikipedia
