forcing relation
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Forcing — (deutsch auch Erzwingung oder Erzwingungsmethode) ist in der Mengenlehre eine Technik zur Konstruktion von Modellen, die hauptsächlich verwendet wird um relative Konsistenzbeweise zu führen. Sie wurde zuerst 1963 von Paul Cohen verwendet, um die… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Forcing (mathematics) — For the use of forcing in recursion theory, see Forcing (recursion theory). In the mathematical discipline of set theory, forcing is a technique invented by Paul Cohen for proving consistency and independence results. It was first used, in 1963,… … Wikipedia
Forcing (recursion theory) — Forcing in recursion theory is a modification of Paul Cohen s original set theoretic technique of forcing to deal with the effective concerns in recursion theory. Conceptually the two techniques are quite similar, in both one attempts to build… … Wikipedia
Forcing — En mathématiques, et plus précisément en logique mathématique, le forcing est une technique inventée par Paul Cohen pour prouver des résultats de cohérence et d indépendance en théorie des ensembles. Elle a été utilisée pour la première fois en… … Wikipédia en Français
Kramers–Kronig relation — The Kramers–Kronig relations are mathematical properties, connecting the real and imaginary parts of any complex function which is analytic in the upper half plane. These relations are often used to relate the real and imaginary parts of response … Wikipedia
Zero-forcing precoding — Zero forcing (or Null Steering) precoding is a spatial signal processing by which the multiple antenna transmitter can null multiuser interference signals in wireless communications. Regularized zero forcing precoding is enhanced processing to… … Wikipedia
Clausius–Clapeyron relation — The Clausius–Clapeyron relation, named after Rudolf Clausius and Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron, who defined it sometime after 1834, is a way of characterizing a discontinuous phase transition between two phases of matter. On a pressure–temperature… … Wikipedia
Clausius-Clapeyron relation — The Clausius Clapeyron relation, named after Rudolf Clausius and Émile Clapeyron, is a way of characterizing the phase transition between two phases of matter, such as solid and liquid. It is commonly learned in class. On a pressure temperature… … Wikipedia
Boolean-valued model — In mathematical logic, a Boolean valued model is a generalization of the ordinary Tarskian notion of structure or model, in which the truth values of propositions are not limited to true and false , but take values in some fixed complete Boolean… … Wikipedia
Kripke semantics — (also known as relational semantics or frame semantics, and often confused with possible world semantics) is a formal semantics for non classical logic systems created in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Saul Kripke. It was first made for modal… … Wikipedia
ENSEMBLES (THÉORIE DES) - Théorie axiomatique — La théorie des ensembles fut créée par Georg Cantor à la fin du XIXe siècle. Cependant, le caractère extrêmement général et abstrait de la notion d’ensemble permit de produire des paradoxes rendant la théorie contradictoire (cf. théorie… … Encyclopédie Universelle
