- bottom layer of the reinforcing steel
- нижний слой арматуры (в плите, балке)
Англо-русский строительный словарь. 2013.
Англо-русский строительный словарь. 2013.
Steel frame — usually refers to a building technique with a skeleton frame of vertical steel columns and horizontal I beams, constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roof and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame. The… … Wikipedia
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environment — environmental, adj. environmentally, adv. /en vuy reuhn meuhnt, vuy euhrn /, n. 1. the aggregate of surrounding things, conditions, or influences; surroundings; milieu. 2. Ecol. the air, water, minerals, organisms, and all other external factors… … Universalium
tunnels and underground excavations — ▪ engineering Introduction Great tunnels of the world Great tunnels of the worldhorizontal underground passageway produced by excavation or occasionally by nature s action in dissolving a soluble rock, such as limestone. A vertical opening … Universalium
mining — /muy ning/, n. 1. the act, process, or industry of extracting ores, coal, etc., from mines. 2. the laying of explosive mines. [1250 1300; ME: undermining (walls in an attack); see MINE2, ING1] * * * I Excavation of materials from the Earth s… … Universalium