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1EGYPT — EGYPT, country in N.E. Africa, centering along the banks of the River Nile from the Mediterranean coast southward beyond the first cataract at Aswan. The ancient Egyptians named their land Kemi, the Black Land, while the neighboring Asiatic… …
2LOUIS° — LOUIS°, name of 18 kings of France. Of particular importance in Jewish history are the following: LOUIS I (the Pious; 778–840), king of Aquitaine (from the age of three), emperor of the West from 814. Of the Carolingian emperors, Louis was the… …
3MAXIMILIAN I° — (1459–1519), king of Germany from 1486 and Holy Roman emperor from 1493. His Jewish policy, like that of his father, frederick iii , was erratic and motivated by financial considerations. In 1496 he expelled the Jews from carinthia and styria …
4MESSIANIC MOVEMENTS — Basic Elements The pattern on which Jewish messianic movements were based crystallized in the late Second Temple period and furnished Jews in following generations with certain basic elements. These, when confronted by certain typical challenges …
5TAXATION — This article is arranged according to the following outline: historical aspects legal aspects the biblical period the talmudic period the post talmudic period in general yardsticks of tax assessment taxable property Place of Residence, Business,… …
6Schweizer Parlamentswahlen 1995 — Gesamterneuerungswahlen des Nationalrats 1995 Wähleranteil in Prozent [1] …
7social — so|cial1 W1S2 [ˈsəuʃəl US ˈsou ] adj ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(society)¦ 2¦(rank)¦ 3¦(meeting people)¦ 4 5¦(animals)¦ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ [Date: 1600 1700; : Latin; Origin: socialis, from socius someone you spend time with ] 1.) ¦(SOCIETY)¦ …
8ABBA — (Ba), two amoraim are known by this name. (1) ABBA (late third and early fourth centuries), in his youth probably knew Rav and Samuel, the founders of rabbinic learning in Babylonia. He was, however, primarily a disciple of R. Huna and R. Judah,… …
9ABRAHAM BAR ḤIYYA — (Ḥayya; d. c. 1136), Spanish philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, and translator. Little is known about Abraham s life apart from the fact that he lived in Barcelona. Two titles by which he was known provide clues to his public activity. One… …
10ABRAHAM OF SARAGOSSA — (early ninth century), merchant in Muslim Spain who traded mostly with the Franks and eventually settled in the Frankish kingdom. There he received (around 835) a privilegium from Louis the Pious, one of the three extant privileges granted to… …
