reciprocity failure
11Science of photography — refers to the use of science, such as chemistry and physics, in all aspects of photography. This applies to the camera, its lenses, physical operation of the camera, electronic camera internals, and the process of developing film in order to take …
12Tungsten film — is designed to give accurate colors under tungsten light. The majority of color film is balanced for daylight (direct light from the sun), or for use with electronic flash. It was developed for photographers who use the tungsten lights, also… …
13fotografische Effekte — fotografische Effẹkte, spezielle Erscheinungen bei fotografischen Prozessen, die die Ergebnisse beeinflussen und zum Teil zu bildnerischen Zwecken genutzt werden können. Man unterscheidet Belichtungs , Entwicklungseffekte sowie Erscheinungen… …
14Optics — For the book by Sir Isaac Newton, see Opticks. Optical redirects here. For the musical artist, see Optical (artist). Optics includes study of dispersion of light. Optics is the branch of …
15Digital versus film photography — has been a topic of debate since the invention of digital cameras towards the end of the 20th Century. Both digital and film photography have advantages and drawbacks.[1][2] 21st century photography is dominated by digital operation, but the… …
16Astrophotography — An image of Orion s Belt composited from digitized black and white photographic plates recorded through red and blue astronomical filters, with a computer synthesized green channel. The plates were taken using the Samuel Oschin Telescope between… …
17Holography — (from the Greek, ὅλος hólos whole + γραφή grafē writing, drawing) is a technique that allows the light scattered from an object to be recorded and later reconstructed so that it appears as if the object is in the same position relative to the… …
18Pinhole camera — A pinhole camera is a very simple camera with no lens and a single very small aperture. Simply explained it is a light proof box with a single hole in one side. Light from a scene passes through this single point and projects an inverted image on …
19HIRF — phot. abbr High Intensity Reciprocity Failure …
20LIRF — phot. abbr Low Intensity Reciprocity Failure …
