primary productivity
41Ecological footprint — The ecological footprint is a measure of human demand on the Earth s ecosystems. It is a standardized measure of demand for natural capital that may be contrasted with the planet s ecological capacity to regenerate.[1] It represents the amount of …
42Species richness — is the number of species in a given area. It is represented in equation form as S.Typically, species richness is used in conservation studies to determine the sensitivity of ecosystems and their resident species. The actual number of species… …
43New production — In biological oceanography, new production is supported by nutrient inputs from outside the euphotic zone, especially upwelling of nutrients from deep water, but also from terrestrial and atmosphere sources(as opposite to regenerated production,… …
44Photic zone — The photic zone or euphotic zone (Greek well lit ) is the depth of the water in a lake or ocean, that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur. The depth of the photic zone can be greatly affected by seasonal turbidity.It… …
45Trophic cascade — Trophic cascades occur when predators in a food chain suppress the abundance of their prey, thereby releasing the next lower trophic level from predation (or herbivory if the intermediate trophic level is an herbivore). For example, if the… …
46Biosphäre — Die Biosphäre reicht hinauf bis in den unteren Rand der Mesosphäre. Die Biosphäre [bioˈsfɛːrə] (von griechisch βίος bíos ‚Leben‘ und σφαίρα sfaira ‚Kugel‘) bezeichnet den Raum mit Leben eines Himmelskörpers. Es ist derjenige Raum, in dem Leben… …
47Solar energy — is the light and radiant heat from the Sun that powers Earth s climate and weather and sustains life. Since ancient times it has been harnessed for human use through a range of technologies. Solar radiation along with secondary solar resources… …
48Kobuk River — The Kobuk River is approximately convert|280|mi|km|0|lk=on long, located in the Arctic region of northwestern Alaska in the United States. [USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). [http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO… …
49ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES — „ The Holy Blessed One took the first human, and passing before all the „ trees of the Garden of Eden, said, See my works, how fine and „ excellent they are! All that I created, I created for you. Reflect on „ this, and do not corrupt or desolate …
50Marine biology — Only 29 percent of the world surface is land. The rest is ocean, home to the marine lifeforms. The oceans average four kilometers in depth and are fringed with coastlines that run for nearly 380,000 kilometres. Marine biology is the scientific… …
