primary productivity
11marine ecosystem — Introduction complex of living organisms in the ocean environment. Marine waters cover two thirds of the surface of the Earth. In some places the ocean is deeper than Mount Everest is high; for example, the Mariana Trench and the… …
12Marine habitats — Coral reefs provide marine habitats for tube sponges, which in turn become marine habitats for fishes Littoral zone …
13Ecology — For other uses, see Ecology (disambiguation). Ecology …
14temperate forest — ▪ ecology Introduction vegetation type with a more or less continuous canopy of broad leaved trees. Such forests occur between approximately 25° and 50° latitude in both hemispheres (seeFigure 1 >). Toward the polar regions they grade into… …
15tropical rainforest — Introduction also spelled tropical rain forest luxuriant forest, generally composed of broad leaved trees and found in wet tropical uplands and lowlands around the Equator. Rainforests are vegetation types dominated by broad leaved trees …
16Human impacts on the nitrogen cycle — Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural N fixation (Galloway 2003). As a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, the global nitrogen cycle (Fig. 1) has been significantly altered over… …
17Life Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Zoology In 2008 several zoological studies provided new insights into how species life history traits (such as the timing of reproduction or the length of life of adult individuals) are derived in part as responses to… …
18Trophic state index — The quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other biologically useful nutrients are the primary determinants of a body of water s trophic state index (TSI). Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus tend to be limiting resources in standing water …
19boreal forest — ▪ northern forest Introduction also called taiga vegetation composed primarily of cone bearing, needle leaved, or scale leaved evergreen trees, found in regions that have long winters and moderate to high annual precipitation. The… …
20Wetland — For other uses, see Wetland (disambiguation). The Florida Everglades massive wetland system in the United States saw 1.7 billion gallons of fresh water flushed from it daily and pumped into the ocean following one of the most successive water… …
