incident beam
21light — light1 lightful, adj. lightfully, adv. /luyt/, n., adj., lighter, lightest, v., lighted or lit, lighting. n. 1. something that makes things visible or affords illumination: All colors depend on light. 2. Physics …
22Transmission electron microscopy — A TEM image of the polio virus. The polio virus is 30 nm in size.[1] Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique whereby a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultra thin specimen, interacting with the specimen as it… …
23Electron diffraction — is a technique used to study matter by firing electrons at a sample and observing the resulting interference pattern. This phenomenon occurs due to the wave particle duality, which states that a particle of matter (in this case the incident… …
24Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering — (GISAXS) is a scattering technique most commonly done at synchrotron radiation facilities. A related technique also exists for neutron scattering (GISANS). 300px|thumb|right|Scheme 1: GISAXS scattering geometry. The incident beam strikes the… …
25photography, technology of — Introduction equipment, techniques, and processes used in the production of photographs. The most widely used photographic process is the black and white negative–positive system (Figure 1 >). In the camera the lens projects an image of… …
26Diffraction grating — A very large reflecting diffraction grating. In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical component with a periodic structure, which splits and diffracts light into several beams travelling in different directions. The directions of these beams …
27Surface second harmonic generation — is a method for probing interfaces in atomic and molecular systems. In second harmonic generation (SHG), the light frequency is doubled, essentially converting two photons of the original beam of energy E into a single photon of energy 2 E as it… …
28Elastic recoil detection — is a nuclear technique in materials science to obtain elemental concentration depth profiles in thin films. An energetic ion beam is directed at the sample to be depth profiled and (as in Rutherford backscattering) there is an elastic nuclear… …
29Dark field microscopy — (dark ground microscopy) describes microscopy methods, in both light and electron microscopy, which exclude the unscattered beam from the image. As a result, the field around the specimen (i.e. where there is no specimen to scatter the beam) is… …
30Environmental scanning electron microscope — Wool fibers imaged in an ESEM by the use of two symmetrical plastic scintillating backscattered electron detectors …
