ideal pulse element
1Pulse tube refrigerator — The Pulse tube cryocooler is a developing technology that emerged largely in the early 1980 s with a series of other innovations in the broader field of Thermoacoustics. In contrast with other cryocoolers (eg Stirling cryocooler and Gifford… …
2Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity. Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …
3Electronic amplifier — A practical amplifier circuit An electronic amplifier is a device for increasing the power of a signal. It does this by taking energy from a power supply and controlling the output to match the input signal shape but with a larger amplitude. In… …
4dating — I In geology and archaeology, the process of determining an object s or event s place within a chronological scheme. Scientists may use either relative dating, in which items are sequenced on the basis of stratigraphic clues (see stratigraphy) or …
5Memristor — Type Passive Working principle Memristance Invented Leon Chua (1971) First production HP Labs (2008) Electronic symbol …
6X-ray fluorescence — (XRF) is the emission of characteristic secondary (or fluorescent) X rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high energy X rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis,… …
7Physical Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Scientists discovered a new family of superconducting materials and obtained unique images of individual hydrogen atoms and of a multiple exoplanet system. Europe completed the Large Hadron Collider, and China and India took… …
8Liaison 16 — La Liaison 16 (L16) est un standard de liaison de données tactiques de l OTAN pour l échange d informations tactiques entre des unités militaires. Le contenu de sa messagerie et le protocole d émission sont définis par le STANAG[acro 1] 5516 pour …
9Born coordinates — / ) are time like curves with fixed R .In relativistic physics, the Born coordinate chart is a coordinate chart for (part of) Minkowski spacetime, the flat spacetime of special relativity. It is often used to analyze the physical experience of… …
10photography, technology of — Introduction equipment, techniques, and processes used in the production of photographs. The most widely used photographic process is the black and white negative–positive system (Figure 1 >). In the camera the lens projects an image of… …
