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71Philosophy of logic — This article is about philosophy of logic, not philosophical logic. Philosophy of logic is the branch of philosophy that is concerned with the scope and nature of logic. Some fundamental questions with which it is concerned are:* Is there only… …
72Law of thought — The laws of thought are fundamental logical rules, with a long tradition in the history of philosophy, which collectively prescribe how a rational mind must think. To break any of the laws of thought (for example, to contradict oneself) is to be… …
73Implicational propositional calculus — In mathematical logic, the implicational propositional calculus is a version of classical (two valued) propositional calculus which uses only one connective, called implication or conditional. In formulas, this binary operation is indicated by… …
74Non-classical logic — Non classical logics (and sometimes alternative logics) is the name given to formal systems which differ in a significant way from standard logical systems such as propositional and predicate logic. There are several ways in which this is done,… …
75Philosophy of mathematics — The philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that studies the philosophical assumptions, foundations, and implications of mathematics. The aim of the philosophy of mathematics is to provide an account of the nature and methodology of …
76Brouwer, Luitzen Egbertus Jan — ▪ Dutch mathematician born February 27, 1881, Overschie, Netherlands died December 2, 1966, Blaricum Dutch mathematician who founded mathematical intuitionism (a doctrine that views the nature of mathematics as mental constructions governed …
77Propositional calculus — In mathematical logic, a propositional calculus or logic (also called sentential calculus or sentential logic) is a formal system in which formulas of a formal language may be interpreted as representing propositions. A system of inference rules… …
78Mathematical logic — (also known as symbolic logic) is a subfield of mathematics with close connections to foundations of mathematics, theoretical computer science and philosophical logic.[1] The field includes both the mathematical study of logic and the… …
79Lotfi Asker Zadeh — Infobox Scientist name = Lotfali Askar Zadeh caption = Lotfali A. Zadeh in 2004 birth date = birth date and age|1921|2|12 birth place = Azerbaijan SSR death date = death place = residence = United States nationality = Azerbaijani… …
80Molinism — Not to be confused with the quietist doctrine of Miguel de Molinos. Luis Molina Molinism, named after 16th Century Jesuit theologian Luis de Molina, is a religious doctrine which attempts to reconcile the providence of God with human free will.… …
