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61logic, history of — Introduction the history of the discipline from its origins among the ancient Greeks to the present time. Origins of logic in the West Precursors of ancient logic There was a medieval tradition according to which the Greek philosopher …
62Homosexuality and Buddhism — Asian societies shaped by Buddhist traditions take a strong ethical stand in human affairs and sexual behavior in particular. However, unlike most other world religions, most variations of Buddhism do not go into details about what is right and… …
63Philosophy — For other uses, see Philosophy (disambiguation) …
64David Hilbert — Hilbert redirects here. For other uses, see Hilbert (disambiguation). David Hilbert David Hilbert (1912) Born …
65Intuitionism — This article is about Intuitionism in mathematics and philosophical logic. For other uses, see Ethical intuitionism. In the philosophy of mathematics, intuitionism, or neointuitionism (opposed to preintuitionism), is an approach to mathematics as …
66Reductio ad absurdum — (Latin for reduction to the absurd ), also known as an apagogical argument, reductio ad impossibile, or proof by contradiction, is a type of logical argument where one assumes a claim for the sake of argument and derives an absurd or ridiculous… …
67Natural deduction — In logic and proof theory, natural deduction is a kind of proof calculus in which logical reasoning is expressed by inference rules closely related to the natural way of reasoning. This contrasts with the axiomatic systems which instead use… …
68List of philosophy topics (I-Q) — II and thou I Ching I Ching I proposition I Thou I Thou relationshipIaIamblichus (philosopher)IbYahya Ibn Adi Yahya Ibn Adi Ibn al Arabi Muhyi al Din Ibn al Arabi Abu Bakr Ibn Bajja Abu Bakr Ibn Bājja Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Yahya Ibn as Say igh… …
69Definite description — A definite description is a denoting phrase in the form of the X where X is a noun phrase or a singular common noun. The definite description is proper if X applies to a unique individual or object. For example: the first person in space and the… …
70Theory of descriptions — The theory of descriptions is one of the philosopher Bertrand Russell s most significant contributions to the philosophy of language. It is also termed Russell s Theory of Descriptions (often abbreviated as RTD ). In short, Russell argued that… …
