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1Dirac equation — Quantum field theory (Feynman diagram) …
2Theoretical and experimental justification for the Schrödinger equation — The theoretical and experimental justification for the Schrödinger equation motivates the discovery of the Schrödinger equation, the equation that describes the dynamics of nonrelativistic particles. The motivation uses photons, which are… …
3Instrumental variable — In statistics, econometrics, and related disciplines, the method of instrumental variables (IV) is used to estimate causal relationships when controlled experiments are not feasible. Statistically, IV methods allow consistent estimation when the… …
4Ordinary least squares — This article is about the statistical properties of unweighted linear regression analysis. For more general regression analysis, see regression analysis. For linear regression on a single variable, see simple linear regression. For the… …
5probability theory — Math., Statistics. the theory of analyzing and making statements concerning the probability of the occurrence of uncertain events. Cf. probability (def. 4). [1830 40] * * * Branch of mathematics that deals with analysis of random events.… …
6Möbius transformation — Not to be confused with Möbius transform or Möbius function. In geometry, a Möbius transformation of the plane is a rational function of the form of one complex variable z; here the coefficients a, b, c, d are complex numbers satisfying ad − …
7nature, philosophy of — Introduction the discipline that investigates substantive issues regarding the actual features of nature as a reality. The discussion here is divided into two parts: the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of biology. In this… …
8atom — /at euhm/, n. 1. Physics. a. the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element, consisting of a nucleus containing combinations of neutrons and protons and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus by electrical… …
9Differential geometry of surfaces — Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1828 In mathematics, the differential geometry of surfaces deals with smooth surfaces with various additional structures, most often, a Riemannian metric. Surfaces have been extensively studied from various perspectives:… …
10analysis — /euh nal euh sis/, n., pl. analyses / seez /. 1. the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements (opposed to synthesis). 2. this process as a method of studying the nature of something or of determining its… …
