difference detector
111Radio — is the transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light.Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of… …
112Focal plane array testing — (under development sep 15)Focal Plane Array testing (FPA testing) is the test engineering process of validation and verification (V V) of operation of focal plane array imaging devices, device under test (DUT), at various levels of the… …
113separation and purification — ▪ chemistry Introduction in chemistry, separation of a substance into its components and the removal of impurities. There are a large number of important applications in fields such as medicine and manufacturing. General principles… …
114PLL multibit — A PLL multibit or Multibit PLL is a phase locked loop (PLL) which uses more of the information available in the PLL, to achieve improved performance. Unibit PLLs use only one bit of each counter s output bus, the most significant bit (MSB) to… …
115Demodulation — Passband modulation v · d · e Analog modulation AM · …
116LIGO — For the Latvian holiday Ligo, see Jāņi.LIGO stands for Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory. Cofounded in 1992 by Kip Thorne and Ronald Drever of Caltech and Rainer Weiss of MIT, LIGO is a joint project between scientists at MIT… …
117Fluorescence spectroscopy — aka fluorometry or spectrofluorometry, is a type of electromagnetic spectroscopy which analyzes fluorescence from a sample. It involves using a beam of light, usually ultraviolet light, that excites the electrons in molecules of certain compounds …
118Powder diffraction — is a scientific technique using X ray, neutron, or electron diffraction on powder or microcrystalline samples for structural characterization of materials. [B.D. Cullity Elements of X ray Diffraction Addison Wesley Mass. 1978] Explanation Ideally …
119Muon — The Moon s cosmic ray shadow, as seen in secondary muons generated by cosmic rays in the atmosphere, and detected 700 meters below ground, at the Soudan II detector Composition Elementary particle Statistics …
120Cosmic ray — For the film, see Cosmic Ray (film). Cosmic radiation redirects here. For some background types of cosmic radiation, see cosmic background radiation and cosmic background. The energy spectrum for cosmic rays Cosmic rays are energetic charged… …
