confining potential
1Potential well — A potential well is the region surrounding a local minimum of potential energy. Energy captured in a potential well is unable to convert to another type of energy (kinetic energy in the case of a gravitational potential well) because it is… …
2Work function — In solid state physics, the work function is the minimum energy (usually measured in electron volts) needed to remove an electron from a solid to a point immediately outside the solid surface (or energy needed to move an electron from the Fermi… …
3Polaron — A polaron is a quasiparticle composed of a charge and its accompanying polarization field. A slow moving electron in a dielectric crystal, interacting with lattice ions through long range forces will permanently be surrounded by a region of… …
4Quantum stirring, ratchets, and pumping — A pump is an AC driven device that generates a DC current. In the simplest configuration a pump has two leads connected to two reservoirs. In such open geometry the pump takes particles from one reservoir and emits them into the other.… …
5Саркисян, Айк Араевич — Айк Араевич Саркисян арм. Հայկ Արայի Սարգսյան Армянский научный деятель Дата рождения: 2 июня 1972(1972 06 02) (40 ле …
6rock — rock1 rockless, adj. rocklike, adj. /rok/, n. 1. a large mass of stone forming a hill, cliff, promontory, or the like. 2. Geol. a. mineral matter of variable composition, consolidated or unconsolidated, assembled in masses or considerable… …
7Rock — /rok/, n. a male given name. * * * I In geology, a naturally occurring and coherent aggregate of minerals. The three major classes of rock igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic are based on the processes that formed them. These three classes are… …
8Factory farming — A commercial chicken house raising broiler pullets for meat …
9't Hooft operator — In theoretical physics, a t Hooft operator, introduced by Gerard t Hooft in the 1978 paper On the phase transition towards permanent quark confinement is a dual version of the Wilson loop in which the electromagnetic potential A is replaced by… …
10Russia — /rush euh/, n. 1. Also called Russian Empire. Russian, Rossiya. a former empire in E Europe and N and W Asia: overthrown by the Russian Revolution 1917. Cap.: St. Petersburg (1703 1917). 2. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 3. See Russian… …
