Список микрогосударств

Список микрогосударств

Княжество Силенд характеризуется, как наиболее известное микрогосударство.^[1]

Микрогосударства, иногда также называют моделью страны и новых проектов в стране, являются небольшими, самопровозглашенными организациями, которые утверждают, что они являются независимыми суверенными государствами, однако, не признаны в качестве таковых ни одним признанным суверенным государством, или любой наднациональной организации. Их не следует путать с «карликовыми государствами», которые являются признанными независимыми государствами, но небольшой размер.^[2]

Мотивы для создания микрогосударств включают теоретический опыт, политический протест, художественное слово, личные развлечения или проведения преступной деятельности.^[3] Микрогосударства также могут существовать в различных формах, в том числе в физическом мире (на суше, на море и в космическом пространстве), в Интернете, в сознании их создателей или сочетание некоторых из них. Некоторые микрогосударства даже смогли расширить свои операции в физическом мире путем выпуска монет, флагов, почтовых марок, паспортов, медалей и других предметов.

Список микрогосударств

Официальное название	Флаг	Основано	Описание
Аэрическая Империя	22x20px	1987	Эксцентрическое микрогосударство, основанное канадцем Эриком Лисом ещё ребёнком, и с тех пор поддерживается на протяжении нескольких десятилетий. Оно претендует на различные наземные и межпланетные территории, как Аэрические земли.[4]
Аэтерна Люсина		1978	Австралийское микрогосударство, основанное самопровозглашённым бароном, который претендует на собственность, которая ему принадлежит в Новом Южном Уэльсе. Нескольким бизнесменам в 1990 году были предъявлены обвинения в афере с земельными участками и мошенничестве с визами.[5]
Акхзивлэнд		1952	Микрогосударство, расположенное в Израиле и основанное хиппи и бывшим моряком по имени Эли Авиви. Оно состоит из прибрежного анклава, бывшей части арабского села Акхзиб, десятитысячное население которого было изгнано во время войны 1948 года.[6][7]
Арамоана		1980	Маленькая община Новой Зеландии которая провозгласила себя независимой в знак протеста строительству алюминиевой плавильни на прилегающей территории.
Атлантиум	22x20px	1981	Глобальная суверенная группа, расположенная в Австралии, которое было основано в Сиднее Георгом Франсисом Круикшанком.[8]
Аустеназия		2008	Территориальное микрогосударство основано Джонатаном Аустеном, включающее его дом, дом его друга и площадь на Шотландских высотах. [9]
Аврам		1980s	Не территориальное микрогосударство, основанное эксцентрической самопровозглашённой "уткой", которая позже была избрана в парламент Тасмании.[10]
BjornSocialist Republic	22x20px	2005	A self-proclaimed Marxist state, based also on the religious but atheist Bjorn principles, of about Шаблон:Convert located on a stone "that looks like a tractor" in Lake Immeln, Scania, Sweden. It is recognised by Ladonia.[11][12][13]
British West Florida		2005	A micronation intending to revive the former British colony of the same name.[14]
Celestia		1949	A defunct micronation claiming all of outer space.
Conch Republic	22x20px	1982	A group claiming tongue-in-cheek independence from the US in protest at a blockade established by the US Border Patrol at the upper end of the Florida Keys.[15]
Dubeldeka		2000	The Principality of Dubeldeka was established on the site of Braemar Lodge near Mittagong/Bowral, NSW, Australia by Dr. Vasudeo and Doreen Khandekar, over a dispute with the local council regarding the laying of sewage lines.[16]
Copeman Empire		2003	The Copeman Empire is run from a caravan park in Norfolk, England, by its founder Nick Copeman, who changed his name by deed poll to HM King Nicholas I.[17]
Coral Sea Islands		2004	Established as a symbolic political protest by a group of gay rights activists, the Coral Sea Islands is a micronation based in southeast Queensland, Australia.[18]
Elleore		1944	A tongue-in-cheek micronation founded by a group of school teachers as a summer camp on the island of Elleore, Denmark.[19]
EnenKio		1994	Claims Wake Atoll in the Marshall Islands, and has been deemed a scam for selling passports and diplomatic papers.[20]
Forvik	22x20px	2008	An islet in Shetland, Scotland, declared an independent Crown dependency by Stuart Hill, who claims that the United Kingdom has breached the 1469 deal with Denmark, which transferred the Shetland Islands to the Scottish crown.[21]
Frestonia		1977	Freston Road in West London staged a "secession" from the United Kingdom as Frestonia. In a legal dispute regarding the unauthorised performance of his play The Immortalist, Heathcote Williams won a ruling from the UK courts that Frestonia was for this purpose not part of the UK.[22]
Hajdučka Republika Mijata Tomića		2002	A protest project (based on Vran mountain, in Blidinje Nature Park, Bosnia and Herzegovina) started by a local because of inefficiency of problems with the local electricity supply.[23]
Hay-on-Wye		1977	A town in Wales which was declared independent by bibliophile Richard Booth as a publicity stunt. Booth's success in promoting Hay as a "town of books" was recognised with the award of an MBE in the 2004 Queen's New Year Honours.[24]
Humanity		1878	A former micronation, occupying the Spratly Islands, which merged into the Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads in September 1963.[25]
Провинция Хатт-Ривер	22x20px	1970	A large farm in Western Australia that unilaterally seceded from the Commonwealth and declared itself to be a sovereign nation. It was known as the Hutt River Province until 2007.[26]
Kugelmugel		1984	A ball-shaped house built by artist Edwin Lipburger, currently located in the Vienna Prater.[27]
Ладония		1980	A micronation created by Swedish artist Lars Vilks as the home to sculptures created by him in the Kullaberg nature reserve in north-west Skåne.[28]
Lagoan Isles	22x20px	2005	The creation of a self-styled Grand Duke Louis, who claims that three tiny islands in a Portsmouth pond are not owned by the local council, and so has declared them an independent state.[29]
L'Anse-Saint-Jean	22x20px	1997	A micronation started to promote tourism in a small Quebec town.
Llanrwst		1276	A town in North Wales declared a "free borough" by a Welsh prince which unsuccessfully applied to the United Nations in 1947.
Lizbekistan		Unknown	A popular Internet-based project created by Australian artist Liz Stirling.[30]
Lovely	22x20px	2004	An Internet-based micronation founded by Danny Wallace as part of the BBC TV series How to Start Your Own Country, claiming the flat of its creator as sovereign territory.[31]
Lundy		1925	An island off the west coast of England, which historically (1100–1200s AD) had semi-independent status or claimed independence from England under various warlords. Between 1925 and 1931 its owner declared himself King and minted coins but did not declare formal independence.
Marlborough		1993	A short lived micronation in Australia whose creator declared his farm an independent country to try to avoid eviction after bankruptcy. He was evicted less than a week later by police, was later prosecuted and has since abandoned any claim of independence.[32]
Melchizdek		1986	The Dominion of Melchizedek (DoM) is a micronation known largely for facilitating large scale banking fraud in many parts of the world.[33]
Minerva	22x20px	1973	An attempt to build an artificial island and form a new libertarian country. The new land was located on Minerva Reef, south of Fiji, but the island was seized and annexed by Tonga shortly afterwards.[34]
Molossia		1977	A micronation founded by Kevin Baugh, occupying his semi-rural residential acreage in Nevada. It is run semi-humorously as a dictatorial banana-republic.[35]
Morac-Songhrati-Meads	22x20px	1959	A present day micronation, claimed to occupy the Spratly Islands. The territory is currently under de facto military control by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam, since the discovery of oil in 1968.[25]
NSK		1984	A nation created by a number of Slovene artists.[36]
New Utopia		1990s	A proposed micronation based on libertarian principles to be built on platforms in the Caribbean Sea. It was founded by American entrepreneur Lazarus Long. The project's current status is questionable.[37]
Northern Forest Archipelago	22x20px	1998	An environmentally-focused micronation located in the northeastern US consisting of multiple discontiguous privately-owned properties in the Northern Forest area of New York State.[38]
Nova Roma	22x20px	1998	An international organisation of Roman revivalists who claim to be a modern Roman nation and have the administrative structure of the ancient Roman Republic. Nova Roma explicitly states that they aren't a micronation but a "civitas" or "res publica"; their organisation, however, fits all the requirements for being classified as such.[39]
Nutopia		1973	Nutopia was an imaginary country founded by John Lennon and Yoko Ono inspired by their song Imagine.
Other World Kingdom	22x20px	1996	An absolute monarchy/matriarchy with strong BDSM themes, in which women rule over all men. It is located in the Czech Republic.
Peaceland		2008	Peaceland is located in Czech Republic in Brdy Mt. military zone and is controlled by Greenpeace.[40]
Peščenica		1990s	Peščenica is a satirical-parodical project of a dictator-ruled republic by famous Croatian maverick traveller Željko Malnar. It is located in Zagreb, Croatia.[41]
Rainbow Creek	22x20px	1979	Founded by a farmer who "seceded" from Victoria over damage to farmlands caused by flooding he claimed was exacerbated due to incompetence of the state government water management agency.[42]
Redonda		1865	A small uninhabited island in the Caribbean sea, now legally part of Antigua and Barbuda. In 1865, a citizen of Montserrat was supposedly permitted by Queen Victoria to claim the title of King of Redonda, as long as he did not incite any revolt against colonial authority.[43]
Holy Empire of Reunion		1997	A Brazilian micronation, which claims more than 600 members all over the world, and which considers itself a potentially absolute monarchy, cited in many articles about micronationalism and organizer of the Micronations on the Media webpage, with more than 20 newspaper and magazine articles about their country and micronationalism itself.
Rose Island	22x20px	1968	An attempt to create a sovereign state on an offshore platform in international waters near the Italian city of Rimini. It was completed, but shortly afterwards seized by the Italian government and destroyed with explosives.[34]
Saugeais	22x20px	1947	An officially-sanctioned tongue-in-cheek micronation located in eastern France, in the département of Doubs.[44]
Sealand		1967	A World War II military facility consisting of a man-made structure located off the English coast which was occupied and declared to be an independent state by Paddy Roy Bates.[45]
Seborga	22x20px	&&&&&&&&&&&&0954.&&&&&0954	A town in the Italian region of Liguria that claims never to have been a part of the modern Italian state.[46]
Sulu and Sabah		1823	Sulu and Sabah claim to be the legitimate successors of the historical Sultanate of Sulu, and rulers of the Sulu archipelago (in the Philippines) and Sabah (a state in Malaysia).[47]
Sunda		Unknown	A micronation claiming to be the legitimate modern-day successor of the ancient Kingdom of Sunda. It is currently in exile in Switzerland.[48][49]
Talossa		1979	A micronation founded as a bedroom kingdom by Milwaukee, Wisconsin resident Robert Ben Madison. Madison claims to have coined the term "micronation".[nb 1][50]
Valtio		2006	Шаблон:Convert of land in a forest located at Posio, Finland, founded by Ari Peltonen as a joke. Radio Helsinki and Helsingin Sanomat followed what happens in the state.[51]
Vikesland	22x20px	2005	A micronation located in Manitoba, Canada that was founded for the purposes of a TV documentary about micronations. It claims two properties in and near the town of Brandon.[52]
Wanstonia		1994	Wanstonia was created by protesters against the M11 motorway link road through Wanstead in north-east London.[53]
Waveland		1997	A micronation sited on a rocky islet in the North Atlantic, known as Rockall. Greenpeace occupied Rockall, declaring it an independent nation, to protest oil drilling in the area.[54]
Wendland		1980	A German anti-nuclear protest in the Wendland, reoccupied by thousands of policemen after a few weeks.[55]
Whangamomona Republic		1989	A tongue-in-cheek micronation created as a tourism booster, and based in the rural New Zealand town of the same name. A goat has been elected as its president.[56]
Wirtland		2008	Виртландия (oфициальное название: Wirtland) претендует на звание первого в мире суверенного государства, базирующегося в интернете. Виртландия - это эксперимент в области легитимности и устойчивости государства, не имеющего собственной географической территории.[57]

Ссылки

Примечания

1. ↑ Journeys–the spirit of dicovery: Simon Sellars braves wind and waves to visit the unlikely North Sea nation of Sealand. The Australian. Проверено 10 ноября 2007.
2. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 5.
3. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 4.
4. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 102.
5. ↑ Dean, Anabel. "Bleyer's Honours Outlined", The Sydney Morning Herald (20 June, 1989), p. 7. Проверено 27 июля 2008.
6. ↑ Shirley Eber Israel and the Occupied Territories: The Rough Guide. — London: Harrap-Columbus. — P. 305–6. — ISBN 0-7471-0105-1
7. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 48–51.
8. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 102.
9. ↑ http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/4064529.Carshalton_home_declares_itself_independent_state/
10. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 144.
11. ↑ Sørdal, Kristin Verdens rareste steder. Dinside (6 March 2008). Проверено 7 июня 2008.
12. ↑ Fordham, Alice. "Stone me–you two aren't married", Times Online. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
13. ↑ "Court denies couple marriage: 'your country does not exist'", The Local (10 December 2007). Проверено 7 июня 2008.
14. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 139.
15. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 130.
16. ↑ Southern Highland News, 10/10/2001, "Lodge seccedes to form new country" http://bowral.yourguide.com.au/news/local/news/general/lodge-secedes-to-form-new-country/270714.aspx
17. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 70–73.
18. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 38.
19. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 42.
20. ↑ Kingdom of EnenKio. Flags of the World. Проверено 13 сентября 2008.
21. ↑ Carrell, Severin Captain Calamity leads breakaway of Shetland islet from UK. The Guardian (2008-06-19). Проверено 20 июня 2008.
22. ↑ The Eddie Woods Archive. American Literary Studies. Stanford University Library (2007-08-06). Проверено 14 августа 2007.
23. ↑ (серб.) Hajduci na Vranu ljude samo po očima pamte. Nezavisne. Проверено 30 июня 2008.
24. ↑ Richard Booth, bbc.co.uk. Проверено 11 мая 2007.
25. ↑ ^{1 2} Marwyn S. Samuels, Contest for the South China Sea (1982)
26. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 22.
27. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 82.
28. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 136.
29. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 86.
30. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 129.
31. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 28.
32. ↑ "Defiant Graziers Under Arrest", Sydney Morning Herald (14 June 1993). Проверено 13 сентября 2008.
33. ↑ Fantasy Island, CBS News, CBS Worldwide Inc. (2000-04-10).
34. ↑ ^{1 2} John Ryan Micronations. — P. 14.
35. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 62.
36. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 128–9.
37. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 15.
38. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 52.
39. ↑ Interactive Corporative Services Information on Nova Roma. Maine Department of the Secretary of State, Bureau of Corporations, Elections, and Commissions. Проверено 27 ноября 2007.
40. ↑ Czech police attack Peaceland protest camp. Greenpeace UK. Проверено 13 сентября 2008.
41. ↑ Željko Malnar Filozofija Republike Peščenice. — Birotisak. — ISBN 953-6156-31-8
42. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 145.
43. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 108.
44. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 122–124.
45. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 8–13.
46. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 55.
47. ↑ Welcome to the Royal Hashemite Sultanate of Sulu & Sabah Official Website. Sulu and Sabah. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
48. ↑ DPP: Sunda princesses 'Prohibited Immigrants', The Borneo Post Online (6 December 2007). Проверено 7 июня 2008.
49. ↑ Stephen, Then. Sunda princesses freed, Thestar Online (22 January 2008). Проверено 7 июня 2008.
50. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 101.
51. ↑ Шаблон:Fi iconMäkäräisten Valtio. Ruotuväki. Проверено 21 июля 2008.
52. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 90–93.
53. ↑ Tenth anniversary of the siege of Wanstonia M11 link rd, UK Indymedia. Проверено 13 сентября 2008.
54. ↑ Stephen Royle A Geography of Islands. — Routledge, 2001. — P. 10. — ISBN 1857288653
55. ↑ The Anti-Nuclear "Free Republic of Wendland. German History Docs. Проверено 20 июля 2008.
56. ↑ John Ryan Micronations. — P. 34–37.
57. ↑ Fox 45 Morning News, Wirtland on FOX News, Fox 45 Morning News (USA), January 20, 2009.

1. ↑ Prior to Madison's departure in 2005 the group split into a separate "Kingdom of Talossa" and "Republic of Talossa".