Burin

Burin
A diagram of a burin showing its component parts: the handle, shaft, cutting tip and face.[1]

Burin from the French burin meaning "cold chisel"[2] has two specialised meanings for types of tools in English, one meaning a steel cutting tool which is the essential tool of engraving, and the other, in archaeology, meaning a special type of lithic flake with a chisel-like edge which was probably also used for engraving, or for carving wood or bone.

Printmaking

An engraving burin is used predominantly by engravers, but also by relief printmakers in making wood engravings. Its older English name, still often used, is graver. The burin consists of a rounded handle shaped like a mushroom, and a tempered steel shaft, coming from the handle at an angle, and ending in a very sharp cutting face.

The malformed hand of Hendrik Goltzius, which was especially suited to the use of a burin.

In use, it is typically held at approximately a 30 degree angle to the surface. The index and middle finger typically guide the shaft, while the handle is cradled in the palm. Of note is the 16th century Flemish engraver Hendrik Goltzius, whose malformed hand was ideally suited for the cradling and guiding of a burin.

Burins typically have a square or lozenge shape face, though several other types are used. A tint burin consists of a square face with teeth, enabling the creation of many fine, closely spaced lines. A stipple tool allows for the creation of fine dots. A flat burin consists of a rectangular face, and is used for cutting away large portions of material at a time.

Archaeology

In the field of lithic reduction, a burin is a special type of lithic flake with a chisel-like edge which prehistoric humans may have used for engraving or for carving wood or bone. Burins exhibit a feature called a "burin spall", in which toolmakers strike a small flake obliquely from the edge of the burin flake in order to form the graving edge. Burin usage is diagnostic of Upper Palaeolithic cultures in Europe, but archaeologists have also identified it in North American cultural assemblages, and in his book Early Man in China Prof. Dr. Jia Lanpo of Beijing University lists dihedral burins and burins for truncation among artifacts uncovered along the banks of the Liyigon river near Xujiayao.

An example of a type of burin diagnostic of the archaeological stratum where they are found is the "Noailles" burin,[3] a small multiple burin characteristic of the Upper Paleolithic cultural stage called the Gravettian, ca. 28-23,000 BP; these flake tools have been restruck and refined to give several chisellike edges and a blunt, grippable rear edge.

Notes

  1. ^ Alexia Rostow. "Porcurprints-Printmaking". http://porcuprints.com/printmaking/. Retrieved 2011-08-06. 
  2. ^ Although "Ciseau" is now the usual term for "chisel" in French
  3. ^ Named for its original find-site, the Grotte de Noailles, in the commune of Brive-la-Gaillarde, Corrèze, in southwestern France.

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  • burin — burin …   Dictionnaire des rimes

  • burin — [ byrɛ̃ ] n. m. • 1420; a. it. burino, du longobard °boro « forêt » ♦ Ciseau d acier que l on pousse à la main et qui sert à graver. ⇒ 2. échoppe, guilloche, onglette, pointe (pointe sèche). Graver au burin. « j osais attaquer le bois directement …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • burin — burín s. n., pl. buríne Trimis de siveco, 10.08.2004. Sursa: Dicţionar ortografic  BURÍN s.n. Dăltiţă de silex folosită la prelucrarea osului şi lemnului. ♦ Stilet de gravat. [cf. fr. burin, it. burino]. Trimis de LauraGellner, 13.09.2007. Sursa …   Dicționar Român

  • burin — BURIN. s. m. Outil, instrument pour graver. Ouvrage fait avec le burin, fait au burin. On dit, d Un excellent Graveur, qu Il a le burin beau, le burin delicat, pour dire, qu Il grave bien …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie française

  • Burin — Bu rin, n. [F. burin, cf. It. burino, bulino; prob. from OHG. bora borer, bor[=o]n to bore, G. bohren. See 1st {Bore}.] 1. The cutting tool of an engraver on metal, used in line engraving. It is made of tempered steel, one end being ground off… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • burin — engraver s tool, 1660s, from Fr. burin, cognate with It. bolino, Sp. buril, perhaps from O.H.G. bora tool for boring (see BORE (Cf. bore) (v.)) …   Etymology dictionary

  • Burin [1] — Burin (fr., spr. Büreng), Grabstichel; en b., mit dem Grabstichel gearbeitet; daher Buriniren, so v.w. graviren …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Burin [2] — Burin, District in der Provinz Neufundland (Britisch Nordamerika) an der Westküste der Placentia Bai; 4400 Ew …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Burin — (franz., spr. büräng), Grabstichel; burinieren, mit dem Grabstichel arbeiten; Wappen stechen …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Burin — (frz. Büräng), Grabstichel des Kupferstechers; auch der Zahnmeißel des Zahnarztes; buriniren, mit dem Grabstichel arbeiten …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • burin — [byoor′in] n. [Fr < OFr < OIt burino, borino < Langobardic boro, borer; akin to OE bor: see BORE1] 1. a short, pointed cutting tool with a round handle, used by engravers 2. Archaeol. a Stone Age chisel: see AURIGNACIAN …   English World dictionary

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