Hexamethonium

Hexamethonium

Chembox new
ImageFile=Hexamethonium.pngImageSize=200px
IUPACName=trimethyl-(6-trimethylammoniohexyl)ammonium
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Section1= Chembox Identifiers
CASNo=
PubChem=3604
SMILES=C [N+] (C)(C)CCCCCC [N+] (C)(C)C

Section2= Chembox Properties
Formula=C12H30N22+
MolarMass=202.38
Appearance=
Density=
MeltingPt=
BoilingPt=
Solubility=

Section3= Chembox Hazards
MainHazards=
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Hexamethonium is a ganglionic blocker,cite journal |author=Sonoyama K, Tajima K, Fujiwara R, Kasai T |title=Intravenous infusion of hexamethonium and atropine but not propranolol diminishes apolipoprotein A-IV gene expression in rat ileum |journal=The Journal of nutrition |volume=130 |issue=3 |pages=637–41 |year=2000 |month=March |pmid=10702597 |doi= |url=http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10702597] a neuronal nAch (NN) receptor antagonist which acts in autonomic ganglia by binding mostly in or on the NN receptor, and not the acetylcholine binding site itself. It has no effect on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) located on target organs of the parasympathetic nervous system, nor the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction (NM) that are responsible for skeletal muscle motor response.

Pharmacology

It can act on receptors at pre-ganglionic sites in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, which are both regulated (again, only pre-ganglionically) by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Postganglionic sympathetic systems are usually regulated by norepinephrine or adrenaline (adrenergic receptors), while parasympathetic systems are still acetylcholine based, but instead rely on muscarinic receptors (some post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons, such as those stimulating sweating, release acetylcholine).

The organ system and adverse effects of ganglion blockers are because both the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimuli are blocked at the preganglionic sites. Side effects include combined sympatholytic (e.g. orthostatic hypotension and sexual dysfunction) and parasympatholytic effects (e.g. constipation, urinary retention, glaucoma, blurry vision, decreased lacrymal secretion, dry mouth (xerostomia) effects.

Uses

It was formerly used to treat disorders of the peripheral nervous system, such as chronic hypertension, which is innervated only by the sympathetic nervous system. The non-specificity of this treatment led to discontinuing its use. [Hardman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10th edition, 2001, pp 210-211.]

The use of hexamethonium, an unapproved drug, in a normal volunteer during a medical study is believed to have caused her death.cite web |url=http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/nbreader.asp?ArticleID=17534 |title=Johns Hopkins’ Tragedy: Could Librarians Have Prevented a Death? |format= |work= |accessdate=2008-10-06] cite journal |author=Savulescu J, Spriggs M |title=The hexamethonium asthma study and the death of a normal volunteer in research |journal=Journal of medical ethics |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=3–4 |year=2002 |month=February |pmid=11834748 |pmc=1733509 |doi= |url=http://jme.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11834748]

References

ee also

* Decamethonium


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Hexamethonium — Strukturformel Allgemeines Freiname Hexamethonium Andere Namen …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • hexamethonium — noun Etymology: hexa + meth + onium Date: 1949 either of two compounds C12H30Br2N2 or C12H30Cl2N2 used as ganglionic blocking agents in the treatment of hypertension …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • hexamethonium — /hek seuh meuh thoh nee euhm/, n. Pharm. a compound, C10H24N2, used in the treatment of severe hypertension to lower blood pressure and increase blood flow by blocking transmission of nerve impulses that constrict blood vessels. [1945 50; HEXA +… …   Universalium

  • hexamethonium — noun Any divalent cation derived from hexamethylene diamine, but especially the hexamethyl derivative which is a ganglionic blocker …   Wiktionary

  • hexamethonium — hexa·me·tho·ni·um .hek sə mə thō nē əm n either of two compounds C12H30Br2N2 or C12H30Cl2N2 used as ganglionic blocking agents in the treatment of hypertension …   Medical dictionary

  • hexamethonium — n. substance used to treat high blood pressure …   English contemporary dictionary

  • hexamethonium — hex·a·me·tho·ni·um …   English syllables

  • hexamethonium — ˌheksəməˈthōnēəm noun ( s) Etymology: New Latin, from hexa + methonium : the bivalent substituted ammonium ion [(CH3)3N(CH2)6N(CH3)3]++ derived by methylation of hexamethylenediamine; …   Useful english dictionary

  • Acetylcholine — IUPAC name …   Wikipedia

  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor — Acetylcholine Nicotine …   Wikipedia

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