Treaty of Paris (1763)

Treaty of Paris (1763)

The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. Together with the Treaty of Hubertusburg, it ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War. [cite book|title=The French-Indian War 1754-176|last=Marston|first=Daniel|pages=pp.84|id=The French-Indian War 1754-1760|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2002] The treaties marked the beginning of an extensive period of British dominance outside of Europe. [cite web|title=Wars and Battles:Treaty of Paris (1763)|url=http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h754.html|quote=In a nutshell, Britain emerged as the world’s leading colonial empire.]

While the bulk of conquered territories were restored to their pre-war owners, the British made some substantial overseas gains at the expense of France and, to a lesser extent, Spain. [cite web|title=The Treaty of Paris ends the French and Indian War|url=http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/USA/TreatyParis.html] Preferring to keep Guadeloupe, France gave up Canada and all of its claims to the territory east of the Mississippi River to Britain ["his Most Christian Majesty cedes and guaranties to his said Britannick Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all its dependencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all the other islands and coasts in the gulph and river of St. Lawrence, and in general, every thing that depends on the said countries, lands, islands, and coasts, with the sovereignty, property, possession, and all rights acquired by treaty, or otherwise, which the Most Christian King and the Crown of France have had till now over the said countries, lands, islands, places, coasts, and their inhabitants" – [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_%281763%29 "Treaty of Paris"] , 1763] . Spain ceded Florida to the British, but later received New Orleans and French Louisiana from France; Manila and Cuba were restored to Spain. France retained Saint Pierre and Miquelon and recovered Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Saint Lucia in exchange for Dominica, Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Tobago going to the British. In India, the French lost out to the British, receiving back its "factories" (trading posts), but agreeing to support the British client governments, as well as returning Sumatra and agreeing not to base troops in Bengal. The British garrison on the Mediterranean island of Minorca was returned to her control, having been captured by the French at the outbreak of hostilities in Europe.

Britain returned the slave station on the isle of Gorée to the French, but gained the Senegal River and its settlements. Britain agreed to demolish its fortifications in British Honduras (Belize), but received permission from Spain to keep a logwood-cutting colony there. Britain confirmed in the treaty the rights of its new subjects to practice the Roman Catholic religion [cite book|title=Extracts from the Treaty of Paris of 1763|quote=His Britannick Majesty, on his side, agrees to grant the liberty of the Roman Catholic religion to the inhabitants of Canada.|publisher=A. Lovell & Co.|date=1892|pages=pp.6] and received confirmation of the continuation of the British king's Hanoverian right as a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire.

It is sometimes claimed that the British King George III renounced his claim to be King of France by the treaty. However, this is a historical myth, and it is also falsely attributed to some of the treaties of the French Revolutionary Wars. Such a renunciation is nowhere in the text of the treaty, and, in fact, George III continued to be styled "King of France" and used the fleurs-de-lis as part of his arms until 1801, when Britain and Ireland united. It was dropped then because the claim was regarded as anachronistic.

Louisiana question

The Treaty of Paris is frequently stated as the point at which France conveyed Louisiana Territory to Spain. However the transfer actually occurred in 1762 in the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) (which was not publicly announced until 1764).

The Treaty of Paris was to give Britain the east side of the Mississippi (including Baton Rouge, Louisiana which was to be part of the British territory of West Florida). New Orleans on the east side remained in French hands (albeit temporarily). The Mississippi River corridor in what is modern day Louisiana was to be reunited following the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819.

The 1763 treaty states in Article VII:

Quebec question

Article IV of the treaty provided protections for Catholics in Canada and has been cited as the basis for Quebec often having its unique set of laws that are different from the rest of Canada.

The article also provided for unrestrained emigration for 18 months from Canada. As a result many of the emigrants called Cajuns were to move to Louisiana to a region now called Acadiana which they thought was going to remain part of France -- only to find out after they had moved that Louisiana had become part of Spain.

The article states:

ee also

*List of treaties

References

External links

* [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/paris763.htm Treaty of Paris]
* [http://www.frontenac-ameriques.org/traite-de-paris.php The Treaty of Paris and its Consequences (in French)]
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006083 Treaty of Paris from "The Canadian Encyclopedia"]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Treaty of Paris — Many treaties have been negotiated and signed in Paris, France, including: *Treaty of Paris (1229), ended the Albigensian Crusade *Treaty of Paris (1259), between Henry III of England and Louis IX of France *Treaty of Paris (1303), between King… …   Wikipedia

  • Vertrag von Paris (1763) — Mit dem Pariser Frieden endete am 10. Februar 1763 der Siebenjährige Krieg in Übersee, den Großbritannien und sein Verbündeter Portugal gegen Frankreich und Spanien in ihren amerikanischen, afrikanischen und indischen Kolonien ausgefochten hatten …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Treaty of Paris (1783) — The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, and approved by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784, formally ended the American Revolutionary War between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the thirteen United States of America …   Wikipedia

  • Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) — The Treaty of Fontainebleau was a secret agreement signed on November 13, 1762, in which France ceded Louisiana (New France) to Spain. The treaty followed the last battle in the French and Indian War in North America at the Battle of Signal Hill… …   Wikipedia

  • Treaty of Fontainebleau — The Treaty of Fontainebleau refers to a number of agreements signed at Fontainebleau, France, often at the Château de Fontainebleau:* The Treaty of Fontainebleau (1631), signed on May 30, 1631 between Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, and the… …   Wikipedia

  • Paris, Treaty of — I (1229) Treaty by which Raymond VII of Toulouse conceded defeat to Louis IX of France after the Albigensian Crusade. It arranged the marriage of Raymond s daughter and Louis s brother and provided for the eventual return of Languedoc to the… …   Universalium

  • Paris — /par is/; for 2 also Fr. /pann rddee /, n. 1. Matthew. See Matthew of Paris. 2. Ancient, Lutetia Parisiorum, Parisii /peuh riz ee uy /. a city in and the capital of France and capital of Ville de Paris Department, in the N part, on the Seine.… …   Universalium

  • Treaty of Hubertusburg — The Treaty of Hubertusburg ( de. Frieden von Hubertusburg) was signed on 15 February 1763 at Hubertusburg by Prussia, Austria, and Saxony. Together with the Treaty of Paris, it marked the end of the French and Indian War and of the Seven Years… …   Wikipedia

  • 1763 in Great Britain — Events from the year 1763 in the Kingdom of Great Britain.Incumbents*Monarch George III of the United Kingdom *Prime Minister John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, Tory (to 8 April), George Grenville, WhigEvents* 10 February Seven Years War/French and… …   Wikipedia

  • 1763 — Year 1763 (MDCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11 day slower Julian calendar). Events of 1763 January June * February 1… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”